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Apocolocyntosis
The ''Apocolocyntosis (divi) Claudii'', literally ''The Gourdification of ''(''the Divine'')'' Claudius'', is a political satire on the Roman emperor Claudius, probably written by Seneca the Younger. It is one of only two examples of Menippean satire from the classical era that have survived, the other being Petronius' ''Satyricon''. The title plays upon "apotheosis", the process by which dead Roman emperors were recognized as gods.
==Authorship==
"Apocolocyntosis" is Latinized Greek, and sometimes transliterated ''Apokolokyntosis''. In the manuscripts the anonymous work bears the title ''Ludus de morte Divi Claudii'' ("Play on the death of the Divine Claudius"). The title ''Apokolokyntosis'' (Attic Greek Ἀποκολοκύνθωσις, "Gourdification", sometimes also translated as "Pumpkinification") comes from the Roman historian Cassius Dio (who wrote in Greek). Cassius Dio attributed authorship of a satirical text on the death of Claudius, called ''Apokolokyntosis'', to Seneca the Younger.〔"Seneca himself had composed a work that he called Gourdification,—a word made on the analogy of 'deification'" (Dio Cassius, (Book 61, No. 35 - Translation by Herbert Baldwin Foster, 1905, retrieved from Project Gutenberg ))〕 Only much later was the work referred to by Cassius Dio identified (with some degree of uncertainty) with the "Ludus" text.〔See introduction of (W. H. D. Rouse's translation ): "This piece is ascribed to Seneca by ancient tradition; it is impossible to prove that it is his, and impossible to prove that it is not. The matter will probably continue to be decided by every one according to his view of Seneca's character and abilities: in the matters of style and of sentiment much may be said on both sides. Dion Cassius (lx, 35) says that Seneca composed an "apokolokintosis" or Pumpkinification of Claudius after his death, the title being a parody of the usual "apotheosis"; but this title is not given in the MSS. of the Ludus de Morte Claudii, nor is there anything in the piece which suits the title very well."〕 Most scholars accept this attribution, but a minority hold that the two works are not the same, and that the surviving text is not necessarily Seneca's.
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